Introduction: A Confluence of Faith and Mystery
The brave land of Rajasthan is known not only for its forts and palaces but also for its deep spiritual roots and miraculous temples. One of the most unique and mysterious among these is the 'Karni Mata Temple' located in Deshnoke, Bikaner district. It is known worldwide as the 'Rat Temple'. Here, rats are not scared away or chased; instead, they are worshipped as 'Kaba'.
Imagine a place where thousands of rats pass under your feet, yet they do not harm you, nor has any disease ever spread here. This temple is a center of faith beyond science and logic, attracting millions of tourists and devotees every year. In this article, we will learn in detail about the history of Karni Mata Temple, the mythology behind the rats, the architecture, and other sightseeing places around Bikaner.
History of Karni Mata and the Story of Her Birth
Karni Mata is considered a direct incarnation of Goddess Durga. She was born in Vikram Samvat 1444 (1387 AD) in a Charan family in Suap village, Jodhpur. Her father's name was Mehaji Kiniya and her mother's name was Deval Devi. In her childhood, her name was 'Riddhi Bai' (Ridhubai).
According to folk tales, Riddhi Bai started showing many miracles since childhood. Once, she cured her aunt's crooked finger just by touching it, after which she was named 'Karni' (meaning the one who does good). She was married to Depa Ji Charan of Satika village, but she renounced worldly life and dedicated herself to public service and penance. She got her husband married to her younger sister Gulab Bai so that his lineage could continue.
Karni Mata's influence was so great that the then kings of Jodhpur and Bikaner used to come to seek her blessings. History bears witness that she laid the foundation of Mehrangarh Fort in Jodhpur and the fort in Bikaner. She lived for 151 years and finally attained divine light near Deshnoke, where this grand temple stands today.
The Mystery and Beliefs of 20,000 Rats (Kaba)
The biggest feature of Karni Mata Temple is the approximately 20,000 black rats living here. These rats are called 'Kaba'. In the temple complex, these rats roam freely everywhere—in holes in the walls, on the floor, and near the idol of the Goddess.
- Story of Yamraj and Rebirth: According to the most famous belief, Karni Mata's stepson Laxman (son of Gulab Bai) died by drowning in Kapil Sarovar in Kolayat. The Mother prayed to Yamraj to bring him back to life. Initially, Yamraj refused, but he had to bow before the Mother's persistence. Yamraj gave a boon that Karni Mata's descendants would not go to Yampuri after death; instead, they would be born as rats (Kaba) and then be reborn as humans.
- Significance of the White Rat: Among thousands of black rats, there are also some white rats in the temple. It is believed that the white rats are the forms of Karni Mata herself and her sons. Seeing them is considered extremely auspicious, and it is said that every wish of a devotee is fulfilled upon seeing a white rat.
- Unique Rules: Devotees are advised to walk by dragging their feet while moving in the temple so that no rat is accidentally crushed underfoot. If a rat dies unintentionally, a gold or silver rat must be offered in the temple as penance.
- Glory of the Prasad: Milk and Prasad tasted by the rats are given to the devotees here. The surprising thing is that in thousands of years, no epidemic (like plague) has ever spread here because of the rats.
Grand Architecture of the Temple
The Karni Mata Temple in Deshnoke is also famous for its carvings and grandeur. The current form of the temple was prepared by Maharaja Ganga Singh Ji of Bikaner in the early 20th century.
The main entrance of the temple is made entirely of white marble, which features very intricate carvings. The huge silver doors of the temple are a center of attraction, donated by devotees and the princely state. Various events from the Mother's life and figures of rats are engraved on these doors.
In the sanctum sanctorum, there is a 75 cm high grand statue of the Mother, in which she is holding a trident. There is always a gathering of rats around the Mother's idol. Large nets have been installed above the temple so that eagles or hawks cannot harm the rats.
Major Sightseeing Places Nearby
If you are coming to Bikaner to visit Karni Mata Temple, you must also visit other historical and cultural sites here. The distance from Bikaner to Deshnoke is only 30 kilometers, which can be covered in half an hour.
- Junagarh Fort: This fort is the pride of Bikaner. Built by Raja Rai Singh, this fort is known for its invincibility and beautiful palaces (like Anup Mahal, Badal Mahal).
- Gajner Palace and Lake: Located 32 km from Bikaner, this palace was once the hunting ground of the kings of Bikaner. This red sandstone palace built on the banks of the lake is now a heritage hotel.
- National Camel Research Centre: This is Asia's only camel research center. Here you can see different species of camels and enjoy camel milk ice cream or tea.
- Lallgarh Palace: This palace is famous for its Indo-Saracenic architecture. The museum here offers a glimpse of the royal history of Bikaner.
- Bhandasar Jain Temple: This 15th-century temple is famous for its exquisite paintings. It is said that 40,000 kg of pure desi ghee was used instead of water in the foundation of this temple.
- Kolayat Lake: This is a holy place where Maharishi Kapil performed penance. The main temple and ghats here provide a sense of peace.
Travel Guide: How to Reach and When to Go?
Before planning a visit to Karni Mata Temple, it is necessary to keep some important things in mind:
- Best Time to Visit: Rajasthan experiences high heat, so the period between October and March is best for travel. During Navratri (Chaitra and Ashvin), huge fairs are held here, which is a unique experience to participate in.
- How to Reach:
- By Air: The nearest airport is Bikaner (Nal Airport), but Jodhpur Airport (250 km) is better connected.
- By Rail: Bikaner Railway Station is connected to major cities. Deshnoke has its own small railway station where some passenger trains stop.
- By Road: Buses, taxis, and autos are easily available from Bikaner to Deshnoke.
- Temple Timings: The temple remains open from 4:00 AM to 10:00 PM. The morning Mangala Aarti (5:00 AM) and evening Aarti (7:00 PM) are special.
Conclusion
Karni Mata Temple is not just a religious site, but a symbol of Rajasthan's rich folk culture and unwavering faith. The rats roaming fearlessly and the devotees' respect for them present a unique example of harmony with nature and living beings. If you are fond of adventure, history, and spirituality, this trip to Deshnoke will be one of the most memorable experiences of your life.
During your trip, do not forget to taste Bikaner's famous 'Bikaneri Bhujia' and 'Rasgullas'. May Mother Karni bring happiness and prosperity to your life; with this auspicious wish, plan your trip today.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What are the rats in Karni Mata Temple called?
The rats living in Karni Mata Temple are called 'Kaba'. They are considered descendants of the Mother and are sacred.
2. Is it safe to eat the Prasad tasted by the rats here?
Yes, according to religious beliefs, devotees consume the Prasad (milk or laddus) tasted by the rats. To date, there has been no report of any disease spreading because of this, which devotees consider a miracle of the Mother.
3. What is the significance of seeing a white rat?
Seeing a white rat is considered extremely auspicious. It is believed that Karni Mata herself or her sons appear in the form of a white rat.
4. What is the distance from Bikaner to Karni Mata Temple?
The distance from Bikaner city to Karni Mata Temple (Deshnoke) is approximately 30 kilometers. It takes about 40-50 minutes to reach here by road.
5. Is there any entry fee for the temple?
No, entry to the temple is completely free. However, a nominal fee may have to be paid for camera or video recording.
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